Building Appraisal and Valuation

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Building valuations for any purpose

Benefits of building valuation

What documentation is required to value a building?

We will provide you with personalised advice on the documentation required to prepare the office valuation report, which will depend on the purpose of the assignment. The most commonly used documents are:

  • Registry documentation (Simple note and/or Deeds).

  • Cadastral references.

  • Energy efficiency certificate.

  • Building plans if available.

  • Documentation related to possible leases.

  • Statutes of the community of owners.

  • Depending on its use, additional documentation may be required.

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Factors influencing the valuation of a building

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Basic concepts of building valuation

The purpose will determine the method chosen to carry out the appraisal. Here are some reasons why a building appraisal or valuation might be useful:

  • To obtain mortgage financing
  • To determine the market price for a purchase and sale transaction
  • To process inheritance distribution or separation of assets
  • For judicial and administrative matters.

When conducting an appraisal, there are many aspects to consider, including:

  • The state of repair, quality, and age of the building
  • Its location in the municipality
  • Its intended uses and versatility
  • Its occupancy status

There are different methods for valuing and appraising a building depending on its purpose and regulations. These are some of the most common methods:

  • Comparison method. This involves valuing the building in comparison with other properties with similar characteristics.
  • Cost or replacement method. This is based on the building’s construction cost and its depreciation.
  • Income discount method. This is used for buildings that generate income, such as commercial premises or rental housing.
  • Static residual method. This is used for buildings that require comprehensive renovation for their most profitable use.

Appraising a building basically means assigning it a fair and objective economic value. An appraiser analyses the condition of the property, its location, its use and the market in which it is located to calculate how much it is worth.

There are several ways to value a building, and the valuer chooses the most appropriate one depending on the type of property and the purpose of the valuation.

The most common are:

  • Comparison method, which is based on the sale prices of similar properties.
  • Cost method, which calculates how much it would cost to rebuild it, minus depreciation.
  • Income capitalisation method, which estimates the value based on the income it generates (ideal for rental or hotel buildings).

Whenever you are going to carry out an important transaction: buying, selling, mortgaging, contributing its value to a company, putting it to work or simply to be clear about how much your assets are worth. It is also advisable if many years have passed since the last valuation and the market has changed significantly.

The valuer is a specialist technician who inspects the building, compiles all the planning and registration documentation, analyses the market and applies the appropriate methodology to determine its value. Their knowledge and experience in valuations form the basis of a correct valuation.

They are valued by combining several factors: location, surface area, state of repair, use, income generated, urban planning situation and market comparables. The aim is to understand the whole and translate it into a reasonable economic value.

Unique buildings (iconic hotels, mansions, former convents, etc.) do not usually have direct comparables, so more detailed methods are used, such as potential income studies, cost analyses and assessments of unique architectural or historical features. This work is carried out based on expert knowledge of the productive sector in which the building is used.

The main difference is that buildings with heritage value are not only valued for their current use, but also for their historical, artistic or cultural value. This can increase their value, but also limit their use or renovation. In contrast, a conventional valuation only takes into account their value as a real estate asset. The complexity involved in valuing one or the other is therefore a very important consideration. In buildings with heritage value, the appraiser’s experience and knowledge are essential.

Not initially, but it is important to note that the quote includes a technical site visit and is calculated on a personalized basis using the data you have provided. The final price may vary if there are any changes.

If the building is rented out and generates stable income, the valuer will take this into account. High occupancy and solid long-term contracts increase the value. Conversely, if there are many vacant spaces or weak contracts, the estimated value decreases because the risk is higher.

The basis may be the same, but the approach changes depending on the objective:

  • For a sale, it helps to determine whether the price is fair.
  • For a mortgage, the bank wants to know how much it could recover if it had to foreclose on the loan.
  • For a company balance sheet, it is important to reflect the actual book value of the asset.

That is why the valuer adapts the report to each purpose.

These situations can greatly affect the valuation. A listed building is usually more valuable due to its uniqueness, but it can also involve additional maintenance costs or limitations on renovations. And if it is in an area that is going to be rezoned, the urban development potential could cause its value to skyrocket or, conversely, it may have to be adjusted due to uncertainty until the rezoning is confirmed.

The ITE or IEE indicate the actual condition of the building, whether it has structural problems, damp, deficiencies, etc. A building with favourable reports conveys security and maintains or increases its value. On the other hand, if there are serious deficiencies, the valuer will apply a downward adjustment.

How to request a building valuation?

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